越南苦苣苔科植物四新记录种

报道了4个苦苣苔科(Gesneriaceae)植物在越南的分布新记录,其中1种为半蒴苣苔属(Hemiboea)的红苞半蒴苣苔(H.rubribracteata),2种为报春苣苔属(Primulina Hance)的文采报春苣苔(P.wentsaii)和疏花报春苣苔(P.laxi flora),还有1种为吊石苣苔属(Lysionotus)的桂黔吊石苣苔(L.aesch ynanthoides)。文中列出了每个种的标本引证和地理分布情况。     

Hemiboea guangdongensis comb. & stat. nov., a cryptic species segregated from H. subcapitata (Gesneriaceae) based on morphological and molecular data

The taxonomic problem of cryptic species has long been recognized. Hemiboea subcapitata C. B. Clarke is a widespread and morphologically diverse species including two varieties, H. subcapitata var. subcapitata C. B. Clarke and H. subcapitata var. guangdongensis (Z. Y. Li) Z. Y. Li. However, genetic distance and molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear ITS and four plastid DNA sequences (atpB‐rbcL, matK, rbcL, rpS16 intron) revealed that H. subcapitata var. guangdongensis is sister to H. subacaulis, and separated from H. subcapitata var. subcapitata, suggesting that it should be raised to the rank of an independent species as H. guangdongensis (Z. Y. Li) X. Q. Li & X. G. Xiang, comb. & stat. nov. Morphologically, the new species can be distinguished from H. subacaulis by its calyx 5‐sect from base, segments narrowly oblong‐lanceolate (versus calyx 5‐sect from base or 2‐lipped and adaxial lip 2‐lobed from below middle, segments ovate), peduncle glabrous (versus pubescent), and vermiform sclereids dispersed in leaf mesophyll (versus without sclereids).     

Hemiboea rubribracteata Z. Y. Li & Yan Liu,a new species of Hemiboea (Gesneriaceae) from Guangxi,China

A new species of Gesneriaceae, Hemiboea rubribracteata Z. Y. Li & Yan Liu, is described from Guangxi, China. The new species is similar to H. cavaleriei Lévl. in its leaf form, but differs by its robust and rigid stem, red involucre, longer calyx lobes, corolla white and glabrous outside, lower lip of corolla 3-lobed to middle. Key words Hemiboea, Hemiboea rubribracteata Z. Y. Li & Yan Liu, Gesneriaceae, new species, Guangxi, China.     

广西半蒴苣苔属(苦苣苔科)一新变种——翅茎半蒴苣苔

记载了广西苦苣苔科一新变种——翅茎半蒴苣苔Hemiboea subcapitata Clarke var. pterocaulis Z. Y. Li。该变种与原变种不同在于茎具翅,花期较早。     

A Study of the Genus Hemiboea (Gesneriaceae) (Cont.)

The genus Hemiboea is a curious genus of the tribe Didymocarpeae (Cyrtandroideae), characterized by its peculiar pistil with one fertile carpel and its follicle-like capsule. This genus has not yet been thoroughly studied since its establishment by C. B. Clarke in 1888. In the present paper, the taxonomic history is briefly reviewed; the external morphology, leaf histology, pollen morphology and geographical distribution are discussed; a key to the 21 species recognized by the author is provided; and the economic uses reported in various publications are summarized. I. Morphology (1) Sclereids The foliar sclereids, occurring in this genus and defined by their forms, fall into two types. (A) Vermiform selereids This type of sclereids is noted in 15 species and may be classified into two groups according to their positions in leaf tissues. Those of the first group are interspersed in the ground tissue around the vascular bundles of leaves and noted in 12 species, i.e.H. longisepala, H. cavaleriei, H. bicornuta, H. fangii, H. omeiensis, H. gracilis, H. glandulosa, H. mollifolia, H. pingbianensis, H. parviflora, H. strigosa and H. gamosepala, and those of the second group are dispersed in the mesophyll, occurring in H. subcapitata, H. henryi and H. latisepala. (B) Astrosclereids The sclereids of this type are discovered for the first time in Hemiboea, dispersed in the mesophyll of a single species, i.e.H. lungzhouensis. No foliar sclereids are found in the remaining 5 species, i.e.H. integra, H. flaccida, H. longgangensis, H. subacaulis and H. follicularis. The differences in forms and positions of the foliar sclereids and their absence or presence are of great help in understanding the relationship between the infrageneric taxa. (2) Pollen grains The pollen grains of 19 species were examined with LM and SEM. They are 3-colporate, subglobose or prolate, 20-38.8×22-28μm. The exine is 1.3-2μm thick and the sculpture is foveolate (e.g.H. cavaleriei) to reticulate (e.g.H. omeiensis). In Sect. Subcapitatae the pollen grains are subglobose or prolate, while those of Sect. Hemiboea are prolate. No pollen grains are observed in anthers of 13 speciemens of H. subacaulis var. subacaulis and var. jiangxiensis. (3) Seed-coat Under SEM the seed-coat exhibits considerable diversity in the genus, furnishing useful characters for explaining the relationship between the two sections. 2. Geographical distribution The genus Hemiboea ranges from the eastern border of the Xizang Plateau and Yunnan Plateau eastwards to Ryu Kyu Islands, and from the southern slope of the Qinling Range southwards to northern Vietnam. The karst region of S. E. Yunnan and W. Guangxi is the centre of maximum variation of the genus and is probably its origin centre, where the most primitive taxon exists, and where more species (13 species, i.e. 61.9 per cent of the sum total) and more endemic species (8 species) are found than elsewhere. 3. Classification The genus consists of 21 species and 6 varieties which are classified into 2 sections. The Clarke's classification is accepted, but emended here as follows: Sect. 1. Subcapitatae Clarke Sepals free or posterior ones connate. Muri of the seed-coat laevigate or rugose; bottom of meshes flat, smooth or with few verrucae. Pollen grains subglobose or prolate. Sect. 2. Hemiboea Sepals connate. Muri of the seed-coat tuberculate or aliform-tuberculate; bottom of meshes flat or concave, with dense verrucae. Pollen grains prolate. 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广西植物二新种

广西植物二新种韦毅刚,文和群（广西植物研究所,桂林５４１００６）关键词大苞半蒴苣苔;单花小檗;新种;广西ＴＷＯＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＦＲＯＭＧＵＡＮＧＸＩＷｅｉＹｉｇａｎｇ;ＷｅｎＨｅｑｕｎ（ＧｕａｎｇｘｉｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｏｔａｎｙ,Ｇｕｉｌｉ...     

降龙草的蒽醌类化学成分

为了解降龙草(Hemiboea subcapitata Clarke)的化学成分,从降龙草全草的乙醇提取物的石油醚和乙酸乙酯萃取部位分离得到了5个蒽醌类化合物。经波谱学分析鉴定为digiferruginol(1)、1,4-二羟基-2-羟甲基-9,10-蒽醌(2)、1,7-二羟基-2-羟甲基-9,10-蒽醌(3)、1-羟基-7-甲氧基-2-羟甲基-9,10-蒽醌(4)和1,4,7-三羟基-2-甲基-9,10-蒽醌(5)。其中化合物4和5为新化合物,其它3个化合物为首次从降龙草中分离得到。     

半蒴苣苔复合群的多样性、地理分布和物种界限

半蒴苣苔(Hemiboea subcapitata),为苦苣苔科半蒴苣苔属多年生草本植物。该种形态变异幅度大,曾包括多个变种; 分布范围广,在多种类型的生境基质上皆有分布。该研究的材料包括典型半蒴苣苔和与之近缘且曾被归为其变种的翅茎半蒴苣苔(H. pterocaulis),以及新发现的与两者形态上分别最相近的另两种变异类型,对其关键形态、微形态的多样性进行了描述和比较; 结合查阅标本、文献资料以及长期的野外追踪调查,统计分析了半蒴苣苔不同类型间的地理和生境分布; 通过DNA证据,初步重建各物种及变异类型间的系统发育和单倍型进化关系。结果表明:(1)通过茎、叶、花和开花物候等多性状组合能够区分半蒴苣苔复合群各类型。(2)半蒴苣苔复合群四类型间在叶表皮细胞形状和气孔分布等方面无区别,而在表皮毛的有无、复表皮层数、维管束数量和排布存上存在差别,或有助于分类。(3)典型半蒴苣苔广泛分布于我国中部至南部,向南延伸至越南北部,在石灰岩、丹霞等生境基质上皆有分布; 翅茎半蒴苣苔仅分布于广西桂林市小部分区域的喀斯特山石灰岩基质上; 另两种变异类型分布更为狭域,仅分布于桂林市永福县一个或相邻的数个喀斯特山石灰岩基质上。(4)DNA单倍型网络图分析表明,半蒴苣苔复合群四类型各自独享单倍型; 重建的分子系统发育关系表明,金钟山居群与翅茎半蒴苣苔聚为一支,两者亲缘关系最近但相互之间不成单系,金钟山居群是否为独立物种还需更多证据加以检验; 半蒴苣苔与永福半蒴苣苔两者间互为单系,支持两者为独立物种     

5种半蒴苣苔属植物光合特性的比较

对半蒴苣苔属( Hemiboea C. B. Clarke)植物半蒴苣苔( H. henryi C. B. Clarke)、贵州半蒴苣苔( H. cavaleriei H. Lév.)、疏脉半蒴苣苔( H. cavaleriei var. paucinervis W. T. Wang et Z. Y. Li ex Z. Y. Li)、华南半蒴苣苔( H. follicularis C. B. Clarke)和红苞半蒴苣苔( H. rubribracteata Z. Y. Li et Yan Liu)叶片的光合特性进行了分析和比较。结果表明：5种植物的光合参数及其日变化曲线、光响应参数〔(包括最大净光合速率( Pmax )、表观量子效率(AQY)、光补偿点(LCP)和光饱和点(LSP)〕、CO2响应参数〔包括CO2饱和净光合速率(CSPn)、羧化效率(CE)、CO2补偿点( CCP)和CO2饱和点( CSP)〕均有较大差异。半蒴苣苔、疏脉半蒴苣苔和红苞半蒴苣苔的净光合速率( Pn)日变化曲线均呈“单峰型”,而贵州半蒴苣苔和华南半蒴苣苔的Pn日变化曲线均呈“双峰型”且“午休”现象明显;贵州半蒴苣苔和疏脉半蒴苣苔的气孔导度( Gs)和蒸腾速率( Tr)日变化曲线均呈“单峰型”,而其他3种植物的Gs和Tr日变化曲线均类似“双峰型”;5种植物的胞间CO2浓度( Ci)日变化均呈先降后升的趋势;此外,5种植物的Pn与Gs均呈显著正相关、与Tr均呈正相关、与Ci均呈负相关。5种植物的光响应曲线和CO2响应曲线均有差异,但在光合有效辐射( PAR)低于200μmol·m-2·s-1或环境CO2浓度( Ce)低于800μmol·mol-1的条件下,它们的Pn均随PAR或Ce的升高急剧增加。5种植物中,贵州半蒴苣苔的Pmax最高,疏脉半蒴苣苔的CSPn最高;贵州半蒴苣苔的LCP最高(55.74μmol·m-2·s-1),其他4种的LCP均小于10μmol·m-2·s-1;5种植物的LSP均介于600~800μmol·m-2·s-1之间,CCP介于50~150μmol·mol-1之间,而CSP均在1000μmol·mol-1以上。研究结果揭示：供试5种植物均为阴生植物,但因产地生境及遗传特性差异使它们各自适应不同的光照条件,因而,在引种栽培过程中应根据各种类的光合特性采取适当的遮阳措施。